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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(5): 517-524, Aug. 2004. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-386685

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at investigating alternate methods for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), which are needed because bacteriologic diagnosis of childhood TB is difficult. A selection of 80 serum and saliva samples were tested from Warao indigenous children under 15 years of age; 34 high TB suspects (28 positive and 6 negative for the tuberculin skin test, TST) and 46 healthy contact children (32 positive and 14 negative for the TST). Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological tests were developed to test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies, including serum IgA, IgG, IgE, and secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva against 3 specific antigens (PPD, HSP60, 38 kDa). Of these, 2 antigens, PPD and 38 kDa, showed significantly higher reactivity. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests for diagnosis remained limited, between 26.5 percent and 38.2 percent, and 77.4 percent and 97 percent, respectively. Of all the samples studied and combinations realized between all isotypes and antigens combined with 3 isotypes (anti-PPD IgG, IgE, and anti-38kDa sIgA) managed to detect the largest number of patients, showing an improved sensitivity level of 64.7 percent, although specificity levels dropped to 81.8 percent. These results were compared with the Omega diagnostics commercial kit results. The commercial kits showed significantly lower reactivity (sensitivity of 20 percent and 13.33 percent to Myco G and Complex Plus, respectively) and a specificity of 100 percent. This study shows that in indigenous populations of Venezuela, where invasive procedures cannot be used to select samples but evaluation with a chest X-ray for radiological studies is available, the combination of 3 specific isotypes may be a useful tool to increase diagnostic accuracy with pulmonary TB in this population, when used together with clinical and epidemiological criteria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Antibodies, Bacterial , Immunoglobulins , Tuberculosis , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Indians, South American , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculin Test , Venezuela
2.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 11(1): 68-73, oct. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721137

ABSTRACT

Los contactos intradomiciliarios de pacientes con lepra representan una población con riesgo de infección . El uso combinado de pruebas cutáneas y ELISA revela el grado de sensibilización, la capacidad de respuesta inmunológica y casos subclínicos de la enfermedad. Con base en lo anteriormente expuesto y con la finalidad de justificar el uso de estas pruebas, de rutina en otros contactos, se entrevistó el evaluó clínicamente a 211 contactos intradomiciliarios, de 32 casos de lepra registrados. Se colocó a los contactos lepramina intradérmica y se determinó niveles de anticuerpos específicos contra M. leprae (prueba de ELISA con PGL-1). De la población evaluada, 99.88 por ciento presentó reacción de Fernández negativa y 2/3 de ella presentó una reacción de Mitsuda positiva. Sólo 30.85 por ciento constituyó un grupo de riesgo por presentar reacción de Mitsuda negativa. Al correlacionar las pruebas cutáneas con el ELISA se mostró que ninguno presentaba lepra en fase subclínica y que un sólo caso de ELISA débilmente positivo resultó ser una infección pasada autolimitada. No se justifica usar todas las pruebas inmunológicas, en todos los contactos. Se recomienda usar pruebas cutáneas para detectar grupos de riesgo y para orientar quimiprofilaxis, reservado el uso del ELISA sólo para grupos de riesgo demostrado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Infection Control/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/pathology , Mycobacterium leprae/pathogenicity , Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , House Calls , Skin Tests/methods
4.
Biol. Res ; 26(1/2): 239-47, 1993. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-228623

ABSTRACT

Interactions between immunocompetent cells require the participation of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the integrin lymphocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18). These interactions are mediated by interlinking cytokines, which are important in determining the type of immune response. In the present study, we have shown that in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) lesions, most infiltrating T cells expressed the alpha beta TCR including those selectively migrating to the epidermis. In contrast, gamma delta T cells were abundant in localized (LCL) and scarce in muco-cutaneous (MCL) and diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis, suggesting a role in effective granulomas. There were differences in the expression of LFA-1 alpha and beta subunits, with most cells expressing LFA-1 beta. The ratio LFA-1 beta/LFA-1 alpha was higher in LCL (11.8:1) than in MCL (3.3:1) and DCL (2.4:1). Similar results were observed in Leishmania mexicana-infected C57BL/6 mice. DCL lesions showed a higher proportion of LFA-1 alpha+ cells than MCL and LCL lesions. A reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the cytokine profiles showed that most T cells present in the MCL and DCL lesions secrete a mixture of Type 1 and Type 2 cytokine patterns, but in DCL granulomas predominate the Type 2 cytokines. In LCL the cytokine patterns show a preponderance of INF gamma over IL-4, and low levels of IL-5 and IL-10, suggesting a Type 1 cytokine profile


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Lymphokines/biosynthesis , Skin/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis , Granuloma/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/immunology , Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/biosynthesis , Lymphokines/immunology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , T-Lymphocytes/immunology
5.
Dermatol. venez ; 28(4): 125-7, 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-100709

ABSTRACT

La caracterización in situ de subpoblaciones leucocitarias ha permitido evaluar la participación de los diferentes componentes celulares en la respuesta inmunológica a distintos agentes patógenos. En lesiones de leishmaniasis cutánea americana se ha podido demostrar que parte de la falla inmunológica de los pacientes con leishmaniasis difusa recae sobre la subpoblación de lifocitos cooperadores inductores CD4+, los cuales no son capaces de producir Interleucina-2. Nuevos anticuerpos monoclonales permiten subdividir a los linfocitos T CD4+ en linfocitos T vírgenes CD4+ CD45RA+ y linfocitos T memoria CD4+CD45RA. En el presente estudio, se demostró que el número de linfocitos T memoria es mayor en pacientes muco-cutáneos (LCM) que localizados (LCL) y difusos (LCD). La relación de linfocitos T memoria/T vírgenes fue de 7,9 para LCM y 2,5 para LCD. Esta relación es una nueva forma de evaluar la condición inmunológica de los individuos, y pudiera ser útil en la evaluación de esquemas terapéuticos


Subject(s)
Humans , Allergy and Immunology/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology
6.
Dermatol. venez ; 26(1/2): 11-5, 1988. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73811

ABSTRACT

En un ensayo clínico controlado, con evaluación a ciegas y asignación al azar, se ha evaluado la eficacia terapéutica de una combinación de B.C.G. con promastigotes de L.Mexicana amazonensis muertos por calor (Inmunoterapia) en comparación con Antimoniaco de Meglumine (Quimioterapia) y un tercer grupo vacunado con B.C.G. solamente, con un total de 171 pacientes de Leishmaniasis Cutánea localizada (99 Inmunoterapia, 46 Quimioterapia y 26 con BCG). Los resultados obtenidos son comparables en los dos primeros grupos, tanto en el porcentaje de curación (más del 95% a las 32 semanas) como en el tiempo promedio de curación (alrededor de 17 semanas, en cambio en el grupo con BCG solamente los porcentajes de curación son muy bajos (38,5% a las 32 semanas) y el tiempo promedio de curación mucho más prolongado (26 semanas). Los efectos secundarios fueron leves e infrecuentes (menos del 5%) en inmunoterapia y con BCG solo, pero muy frecuente (48%) y severos en quimioterapia. Resultados preliminares indican así mismo buena eficacia terapéutica de la inmunoterapia en pacientes cutáneos y mucosos del área intermedia del espectro clínico-inmunológico y en pacientes con L.Cutánea Difusa (LCD). en este trabajo se discuten los fundamentos de la inmunoterapia en Leishmaniasis en base al espectro de deficiencias de inmunidad celular y se plantean las perspectivas de la inmunoprofilaxis en base a estos conceptos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunotherapy , Leishmaniasis/immunology , Leishmaniasis/therapy
7.
Interciencia ; 11(5): 239-41, sept.-oct. 1986. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-83457

ABSTRACT

Conventional vaccination is oriented toward the prevention of disease in individuals capable of developing normal immune responses. A new model of vaccination employing two microorganisms has been described for the correction of variable degrees of antigen-specifit deficiency in the development of effective cell-mediated immunity in two diseases, leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis, both of which are characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations. A schematic representation of the immunologic defect in the severe and progressive forms of these diseases and a possible mechanism for its correction using this vaccine model are presented. Immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic applications of the model are described, with particular reference to recent experience in the immunotherapy of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. The efficacy, virtual absence of secondary effects, ease of administration and low cost of this therapeutic modality indicate that it offers an important option or field use in endemic of leishmaniasis


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunotherapy , Leishmaniasis/immunology , Leprosy/immunology
8.
Caracas; s.n; 1984. 02 p. graf.
Non-conventional in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1242936
10.
s.l; s.n; s.ed; s.d. 13p
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, HANSENIASE, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1241513
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